Digitalisasi Pertanian Presisi: Tinjauan Literatur pada Teknologi Sensor, Monitoring, dan Otomasi

Abstract

Precision agriculture is a modern approach that leverages digital technologies to enhance efficiency, productivity, and sustainability in crop cultivation. Advances in sensor technologies, monitoring systems, and automation have enabled real-time data collection, land condition analysis, and precise input management. The background of this study stems from the increasing demand for more efficient and climate-adaptive agricultural practices, while reducing excessive resource use. The objective of this study is to review recent literature on the implementation of sensor technologies, monitoring systems, and automation in the digitalization of precision agriculture. The method employed is a systematic literature review, analyzing scientific publications, peer-reviewed articles, and technical reports from recent years to identify trends, applications, and challenges faced in precision agriculture practices. The review findings indicate that soil and crop sensors, IoT-based monitoring systems, and automation devices such as smart irrigation and crop-monitoring drones significantly enhance the accuracy of agricultural decision-making. These technologies support efficient nutrient management, pest control, and irrigation, while enabling more precise yield predictions. However, technology adoption still faces challenges such as high implementation costs, limited digital infrastructure, and the need for technical skills among farmers. In conclusion, the digitalization of precision agriculture through the integration of sensors, monitoring, and automation offers substantial potential to improve agricultural production efficiency. Adaptive implementation strategies and technical training support are key to successful technology adoption in the field.