Karakterisasi Gugus Fungsi Ekstrak Etanol dan Metanol Daun Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata) Menggunakan Spektroskopi FTIR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58222/yp110r90Kata Kunci:
Chromolaena odorata, ekstraksi, FTIR, metabolit sekunder, gugus fungsiAbstrak
Daun kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata (L.)) merupakan tanaman dari famili Asteraceae yang diketahui mengandung berbagai metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid dan senyawa fenolik yang berpotensi memiliki aktivitas biologis. Karakterisasi awal komposisi kimia ekstrak tanaman penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui keberadaan gugus fungsi senyawa yang terkandung di dalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi gugus fungsi ekstrak etanol 96% dan metanol daun kirinyuh menggunakan spektroskopi Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) serta membandingkan profil spektrum yang dihasilkan berdasarkan perbedaan pelarut ekstraksi. Simplisia daun kirinyuh diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96% dan metanol selama 3 × 24 jam. Ekstrak yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan FTIR pada rentang bilangan gelombang 4000–400 cm⁻¹. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen ekstrak etanol sebesar 38,68 ± 0,09% lebih tinggi dibandingkan ekstrak metanol sebesar 13,14 ± 0,08%. Analisis spektrum FTIR menunjukkan keberadaan beberapa gugus fungsi utama seperti O–H pada sekitar 3340 cm⁻¹, C–H alifatik pada sekitar 2924 cm⁻¹, C=C aromatik pada kisaran 1614–1618 cm⁻¹, serta C–O pada kisaran 1275–1020 cm⁻¹. Gugus fungsi tersebut berkaitan dengan keberadaan senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti fenolik dan flavonoid dalam ekstrak daun kirinyuh. Perbedaan intensitas pita serapan antara kedua ekstrak menunjukkan bahwa jenis pelarut mempengaruhi komposisi senyawa yang terekstraksi dari tanaman.
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