Jurnal Kebidanan Manna

Emerging Trends in the Transmission Pathways of Nipah virus: A Comprehensive Review

2025-04-18T17:08:25+00:00

Nipah virus (NiV), a highly pathogenic zoonotic virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family and Henipavirus genus, was first identified during an outbreak in Malaysia in 1998-1999 and has since been reported in South and Southeast Asia, primarily in Bangladesh and India. The virus is transmitted through zoonotic spillover from animal reservoirs, particularly fruit bats (Pteropus species), as well as human-to-human transmission. Pigs can become infected by consuming fruits contaminated by infected bats, and humans can contract the virus through contact with infected pigs or bats. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the transmission dynamics of Nipah virus, emphasizing zoonotic spillover, direct contact with infected animals, and human-to-human transmission during outbreaks. Understanding these transmission pathways is essential for developing effective control and prevention strategies. NiV outbreaks have occurred in Malaysia, Singapore, Bangladesh, India, and the Philippines, often resulting in severe respiratory and neurological diseases with high mortality rates in both humans and pigs. Diagnosis of Nipah virus infection involves various techniques, including serological, molecular, virological, and immunohistochemistry methods. The potential for human-to-human transmission poses a significant public health concern, highlighting the need for improved diagnostic and surveillance measures..

The Role and Importance of Community Optometrists in India

2025-04-18T17:02:30+00:00

Community optometry has become a vital component of India’s healthcare system, focusing on reducing preventable visual impairment and blindness, particularly among underserved populations. With approximately 270 million people affected by vision problems, there is a crucial need for accessible primary eye care. Community optometrists serve as frontline health professionals, providing services ranging from refractive error correction to ocular disease screening, and play a key role in bridging the urban-rural healthcare gap. This article explores how community optometrists contribute to public health in India by reducing preventable blindness, supporting national initiatives like the National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB), and emphasizing the importance of strengthening community optometry to achieve equitable eye care. Despite challenges such as limited awareness, workforce shortages, and inadequate infrastructure, community optometry remains essential for promoting equitable eye health across India.

The Impact of Carbonated Soft Drink Comsumption on Oncular Health-A Review

2025-04-18T17:07:25+00:00

Carbonated soft drinks (CSDs), widely consumed globally, have been linked to numerous health issues such as obesity, diabetes, and including ocular complications. The composition of these beverages, including high sugar content and additives, contributes to oxidative stress in ocular tissues. Elevated glucose levels from excessive sugar intake may damage the ocular surface’s glycocalyx, weakening and increasing susceptibility to infections. CSDs also contribute to obesity and type 2 diabetes, both of which are risk factors for significant eye diseases like glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and cataracts. While occasional consumption of CSDs may not have severe consequences, excessive intake poses long-term risks for both systemic and ocular health. The review calls for increased awareness about these potential risks, emphasizing the need for further research specifically targeting the direct effects of CSDs on the eyes. Public health campaigns should consider incorporating information on the ocular impacts of sugary drink consumption alongside well-known risks to general health, thereby encouraging healthier lifestyle choices to protect vision

Postoperative Complication With Obstructive Sleep Apnea

2025-04-18T17:06:01+00:00

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a common disorder defined by recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep, resulting in intermittent hypoxia, hypercapnia, and disrupted sleep patterns. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) encounter increased risks of postoperative complications in surgical contexts, such as respiratory problems, cardiovascular incidents, and extended recovery durations. The perioperative management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) poses distinct challenges for anesthesiologists and surgeons, primarily due to risks of airway obstruction, heightened opioid sensitivity, and associated comorbidities like hypertension and obesity. Postoperative complications are significant, as the sedative effects of anesthesia and analgesics heighten airway collapsibility, thereby increasing the risk of hypoxemia and apneic events. This review examines the range of postoperative complications linked to obstructive sleep apnea, emphasizing respiratory issues, cardiovascular instability, and the likelihood of extended hospitalization. It also delineates contemporary strategies for the perioperative management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea, encompassing preoperative screening, intraoperative monitoring, and postoperative care. The role of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, opioid-sparing analgesic techniques, and the necessity for individualized anesthesia plans to reduce risks is emphasized. Comprehending these management strategies is crucial for enhancing patient outcomes and decreasing the occurrence of postoperative complications in individuals with OSA.

Seroprevalence of Anti-Rubella IgG Antibodies Among Women of Chilbearing Age: A Croos-Sectional Study

2025-04-18T17:04:40+00:00

Rubella infection, while typically mild and self-limiting in adults, poses significant teratogenic risks during pregnancy, potentially leading to Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) with a 75-100% transmission rate during the first trimester. This study aimed to assess the need for adult vaccination by detecting anti-rubella IgG titers in women of childbearing age and examining the correlation between vaccination history and seroprevalence. A total of 130 women, including 35 pregnant women, were tested for anti-rubella IgG antibodies using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Results showed that 102 women (78.47%) were seropositive while 28 (21.53%) were seronegative. Among those with complete vaccination history, 60 women (46.15%) were seropositive, while 6 were seronegative. Of those with unknown vaccination status, 42 women (32.30%) were seropositive and 7 were seronegative. All unvaccinated women were seronegative. In the pregnant women subgroup, 32 were seropositive while 3 showed seronegativity. The finding that 21.53% of women were seronegative, including some with vaccination history, highlights a significant population at risk for rubella infection during pregnancy. This study underscores the importance of evaluating rubella susceptibility in women of reproductive age and suggests the need for considering adult and adolescent vaccination strategies to prevent CRS, even in regions where rubella vaccination is included in the national immunization schedule.

Exploring the use of Treadmill Interventions in Children with Obesity: A Qualitative Study

2025-04-18T17:08:46+00:00

Childhood obesity is a rapidly growing medical problem worldwide, increasing the risk of long-term illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and psychological problems. Despite the many interventions available, physical activity remains crucial in the treatment of childhood obesity. This study explores the experiences of obese children who participate in treadmill-based interventions. This qualitative study, based on in-depth interviews with children and their parents, aims to reveal the benefits, difficulties, and psychological impact of treadmill training in obesity management programs. Themes that emerged included motivation, parental involvement, and the emotional and physical challenges faced by children. The results show that parental support and maintaining long-term motivation are key to the success of this intervention.

Advances in CAR-T Cell Therapy for Treating Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Challenges and Future Perspectives

2025-04-18T17:03:00+00:00

This review focuses on the revolutionary capacity of CAR-T therapy in the context of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It is an area beset with challenges despite its progress in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Specifically, it narrows down to identifying ideal target antigens such as CD33, CD123, and FLT3 which are pertinent to the challenge of antigen heterogeneity in AML as well as minimizing on-target off-tumor toxicity. These problems are attempted to be eliminated through innovative concepts like the use of dual-targeting CARs, armoured CAR-T cells, and CRISPR-mediated genetic editing techniques, each having a superior safety and efficacy profile.Dual-target CARs have the advantages of improved selectivity; armoured CAR-T cells can survive in the AML immunosuppressive microenvironment, and CRISPR-mediated CAR-T cells ensure precision with minimal side effects. The clinical outcomes in the last few years and a string of recent preclinical studies show promising, albeit challenging, therapeutic results. In any case, such observations mark significant progress toward ensuring long-term remission while tolerable toxicity levels. This chapter draws upon recent clinical trials and research findings in order to put into sharp relief CAR-T therapy's emergent role as a new, life-saving approach for the treatment of AML. Its understanding of technological advancement in CAR-T therapy places this chapter as an invaluable reference source for researchers and clinicians interested in optimizing CAR-T therapy in the treatment of AML

Exploring Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Managing Postpartum Depression: A Qualitative Study

2025-04-18T17:07:58+00:00

Postpartum depression (PPD) for much of the suffering of new mothers. Symptoms can present from sad affective experience, anxiety, tiredness, to complete disconnection of the child from herself. Traditional treatments include therapy and medication, but this study went a little deeper with the interest of mindfulness-based interventions to explore the subjective experiences in mother-child bonding, with mindfulness practiced mothers who experienced postpartum depression.In-depth 15 women diagnosed with PPD were selected, and interviews were conducted to determine how mindfulness influences emotional regulation, self-awareness, and mother-infant bonding. Various themes, including benefits and challenges of mindfulness in PPD recovery, are given to provide insight into its potential therapeutic role. The study concluded that the effectiveness of mindfulness in managing postpartum depression helps in enhancing emotional regulation, reducing anxiety, and increasing mother-infant bonding.

The Interplay Between Kidney Dysfunction and Pulmonary Edema: The Role of Body Position

2025-04-18T17:06:49+00:00

Pulmonary edema represents a significant complication in patients with kidney dysfunction, affecting approximately 35% of individuals with advanced renal disease (Hsu et al., 2006). This comprehensive review examines the pathophysiological mechanisms connecting pulmonary edema with kidney dysfunction and evaluates how body positioning influences respiratory symptoms. Recent clinical data suggests that appropriate positioning strategies can reduce respiratory distress by up to 40% in affected patients (Huang et al., 2012), highlighting the importance of this non-invasive intervention in clinical management. Understanding these relationships is crucial for improving patient outcomes and optimizing clinical practice protocols.

Nutritional, Therapeutic and Functional Applications of Sorghum: A Comprehensive Review

2025-04-18T17:05:20+00:00

Sorghum is a valuable source of bioactive compounds with a variety of health benefits. Its bioactive components include phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, and dietary fiber, all of which contribute to its functional food properties. Some of the key bioactive compounds in sorghum and their health benefits: Sorghum contains high levels of phenolic acids, such as caffeic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acids. These compounds act as powerful antioxidants, helping to reduce oxidative stress in the body, which is linked to inflammation, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Sorghum is particularly rich in flavonoids such as luteolin, apigenin, and their derivatives. These compounds are known for their anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties that help improve cardiovascular health by reducing the risk of plaque formation in the arteries. Certain varieties of sorghum, especially the pigmented ones, contain condensed tannins also known as proanthocyanidins. Sorghum is rich in both soluble and insoluble fiber. The dietary fiber in sorghum aids digestion, supports gut microbiome health, and contributes to better blood glucose control. Regular fiber intake may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer and aid in weight management. These long-chain alcohols are thought to help lower LDL cholesterol levels, which is beneficial for cardiovascular health. The polycosanols in sorghum have been found to improve lipid metabolism and may aid in weight management. Specific phytochemicals with antioxidant properties, such as phytic acid, polyphenols, tannins, and sterols, have been shown to reduce the incidence of chronic diseases and play a role beyond just food.

India’s Digital Health Transformation: Advancements and Challenges in Telemedicine

2025-04-18T17:03:31+00:00

Telemedicine refers to the use of telecommunications technology to diagnose and treat patients remotely, giving low-income areas access to high-quality healthcare. The first documented instance of telemedicine dates back to the early part of the 1900s, at which time an ECG was sent over a phone line. Telemedicine has advanced significantly in terms of technology and healthcare delivery since then. NASA and ISRO had a significant part in this. The establishment of the National Telemedicine Taskforce in 2005 by the Indian Health Ministry cleared the path for the accomplishment of several initiatives, including the ICMR-AROGYASREE, NeHA and VRCs. Family doctors benefit from telemedicine by having easy access to specialists and assistance in patient monitoring. Around the world, different telemedicine systems, such as store and forward, real-time, remote or self-monitoring, offer a range of educational, disease screening, disaster management and healthcare delivery and management services. Telemedicine may undoubtedly lessen the strain on the healthcare system to a significant level, even though it cannot solve every issue. Telemedicine has reshaped healthcare delivery, particularly for rural populations. By reducing travel, broadening access to specialists, supporting chronic disease management, and addressing professional shortages, it offers a promising solution to healthcare disparities. However, challenges like infrastructure limitations and technology literacy need ongoing attention to ensure equitable, long-term access for all.